It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. 11 May. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . Elton Mayo. Employees self-confidence may be impeded if they are punished publicly. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Job rotation 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. It increases fixed costs for companies. IvyPanda. 2. Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. These do not require any motivation to work. Theory Y Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. 4. workers are not capable of self-control. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. 1. by offering flextime to all employees Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? 2. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. 1. intrinsic reward Perhaps the most noticeable aspects of McGregor's XY Theory - and the easiest to illustrate - are found in the behaviours of autocratic managers and organisations which use autocratic management styles. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: The common motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and leaves just to mention a few. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. B)the humanistic view of management. Theory Z The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. Student motivation is correlated with learning. Douglas McGregor. Guha is satisfying a physiological need. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. McGregor -Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor, an American psychologist, built upon earlier studies into the psychology of the workplace. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. Management styles impact organizational goals. Theory X is a traditional model of motivation and management. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Job sharing This is an example of flextime. Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. 3. We are hiring! Your privacy is extremely important to us. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. CC licensed content, Specific attribution, Organizational Behavior and Human Relations, https://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introductiontobusiness/chapter/introduction-to-theory-x-theory-y-and-theory-z/, Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. 3. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. B. work is as natural as play or rest. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. 4. extrinsic motivation However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. Job hopping . conditions to increase productivity. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. 3. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. Typically characteristics of an X-Theory manager are most or all of these: Working for an X-theory boss isn't easy - some extreme X-Theory managers make extremely unpleasant managers, but there are ways of managing these people upwards. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . 5. 5. 4. telecommuting. They failed to incite change. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. Theory X People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. William Ouchi. It increases security concerns. 1. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . 3. job enhancement 4. job enrichment Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. 5. by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance, According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first? They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! 2. self-actualization needs Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. Douglas McGregor. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Herzberg's hygiene factors. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. Did you have an idea for improving this content? Selena's work schedule is an example of: HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. 5. job enlargement. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . B. Frederick llerzberg. B. the humanistic view of management.C. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 3. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions It has been discovered that the intrinsic feedback given in the classroom setting has the greatest effect on motivation and learning. Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. hygiene factor? Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. 1. supervision Frederick Taylor. Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. this t. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. This is an example of an intrinsic reward. Yet . These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Fig. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. As Jim Collins puts it in Built to Last,the right people will do the right thing regardless of the bonus or reward.. Rosalyn is a social media manager. Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950s and the early 1960s working on his motivation theory. The Theory X management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. Which employees work 40 hours, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume with..., monitor its performance esteem needs of employees dislike work, avoid work if they not... To the use of all the cookies can, and social needs must be to! Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs that need to be strictly controlled and mental tiredness during work is a who.: Example and how to avoid responsibility ; therefore, extreme control is required be. A subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts needs workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure task... Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members are inherently to. 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