Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. Ford reported that he was a cook, age 26, born in Oregon and living in Los Angeles. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. Leader of the Nation of Islam WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Excellent write-up! WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. The culprits vary depending on who's talking. Edit: After looking at those two pictures more I am convinced they're the same guy. Lincoln, C. Eric. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. It seems that there is room for even more study into the origins of the Nation of Islam this always fascinating, sometimes controversial, organization that has exerted considerable influence on Americas thoughts and dialogue for more than 70 years. From interviews with approximately 200 families who followed Fard, Beynon concluded: "Although the prophet lived in Detroit from July 4, 1930 until June 30, 1934, virtually nothing is known about him, save that he 'came from the East' and that he 'called' the Negroes of North America to enter the Nation of Islam. Although there is only one known picture of "Fard", there are a few known photographs of "Ford", mostly police mugshots: https://zaidpub.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/walaace-fard.jpg. With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. var referer="";try{if(referer=document.referrer,"undefined"==typeof referer||""==referer)throw"undefined"}catch(exception){referer=document.location.href,(""==referer||"undefined"==typeof referer)&&(referer=document.URL)}referer=referer.substr(0,700); There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. Muhammad, Elijah. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. Thats not to say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history. [10], The annual Saviour's Day event is held in honor of Master Fard's birth. Master Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. The FBI is keeping close tabs on them and, realizing they have nothing on its founder, open an investigation into the man known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, considered by the Nation of Islam's followers to be an actual incarnation of God. [citation needed], Efforts to trace the origins and life story of Fard have been extensive but have yielded only fragmentary results and not even his date of death is known; further complicating any efforts is the fact that only 5 pictures of Fard are known to exist, 4 being mugshots taken after various arrests and one being the official portrait by the Nation of Islam; most observers agreed they all belong to the same person which was confirmed via facial recognition analysis. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. She is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his message. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. And that she is number one to be destroyed. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. They would have been born back in the 1860's, long before Hawaii was a part of the United States. [24] He established the University of Islam, where school-age children were taught, rather than in the public schools. Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. Officials said he came to the United States from Asia.". "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. Despite a lack of fame, Mr. Fards legacy lives on to this day whether most of us know it or not. This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. One minor but strange detail is that Wallace Ford's parents were born in Hawaii. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. 1997. . Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. [23] "Within three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence in Detroit."[24]. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. Ford's prison records indicated he was born in Portland in 1891, the son of a Zared and Beatrice Ford; Zared presumably being a South Asian or Middle Eastern man, and Beatrice being a white woman. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. "[58], Beynon also wrote: "The prophets message was characterized by his ability to utilize to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. [24] He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean and cook. Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote: "Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. $95 night. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. 1, List of people who have been considered deities, "Wallace D. Fard American religious leader", "Nation of Islam at a crossroad as leader exits", "Louis Farrakhan says billionaires 'paying off' black preachers, politicians", "Nation of Islam resonates in Detroit as it returns home for convention", "The Nation of Islam could be Chicago's savior", "Coverage Of "The Voodoo Murders" Mythic Detroit", Appendices: A. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 added to the crushing poverty and racial discrimination felt by many black people and made some of them receptive to Fard's new religious message. He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. After another brush with the law in April 1934, Fard left Detroit for good. Powered by - Designed with theHueman theme. Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. Black Muslims ", so I don't know. "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani a Greek" Morrow writes. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. He is not to be confused with, Beynon's account of Fard and his followers, Efforts to trace Fard's history 19141926. His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. He could've at least sent a letter! One member of the group, later declared mentally insane, allegedly participated in "human sacrifice" in 1932 in an effort to follow lessons regarding the sacrifice of devils. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. From then onwards, he is untraceable. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. 1. The 26 November 1976 issue of the Nation of Islam journal Bilalian News reports Muhammad Abdullah's first khutbah at the mosque and shows a photo. [36][bettersourceneeded], A declassified Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) memorandum dated May 16, 1957, states: "From a review of instant file it does not appear that there has been a concerted effort to locate and fully identify W. D. Fard. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, had a murky past. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. [32][33], Dodd left his family in 1916 and moved to Los Angeles, using the name Wallie Dodd Ford. Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. Fard encouraged his followers not to drink alcohol or eat pork, which is standard practice for Muslims. Fard, most scholars have relied on his teachings as passed down, and perhaps modified, by Elijah Muhammad. Within three years Fard had established several organizations: the "Temple of Islam," with its own worship style and rituals; the "University of Islam," to propagate his teachings; the "Muslim Girls Training," to teach female members home economics and how to be a proper Muslim woman; and the "Fruit of Islam," consisting of selected male members to provide security for the temple and Muslim leaders and to enforce the disciplinary rules. Evanzz reported that Wallace D. Fard died in Chicago in 1971 at the age of 78. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' The photo of Fard looks highly retouched, or whatever people did to photo before Photoshop, so whether it's the same person as in the mugshot is really hard to tell. [8][9], Fard Muhammad, acting as a door-to-door travelling salesman, spread his religious teachings throughout Detroit, and within three years grew the movement to a reported 8,0009,000 members in Detroit, Chicago, and other cities. Black Muslims He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. Obviously, there are some major differences of opinion here. Apar, Farentino, Debrah 1961 (Deborah Farentino, Deborah Mullowney, Debra Mullowney, Debrah Mullowney), Faretta v. California 422 U.S. 806 (1975), Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience during and after the World War II Internment. https://68.media.tumblr.com/8baacfedb2c5ff0be7055d0550917d7e/tumblr_ne5vz9XWui1t1ova9o10_500.jpg. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. 1962. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. rcel.async = true; The FBI were confident that Wallace Dodd Ford was, in fact, Wallace Fard Muhammad. He provided no known place of birth for his parents nor his date of immigration. One of the few survivors who heard his first addresses states that he himself said: 'My name is W. D. Fard and I came from the Holy City of Mecca. According to his successor, Elijah Muhammad, Fard was an incarnation of God. In 1981, Pakistani scholar Zafar Ishaq Ansari researched Fard's life and claimed that Fard was identical with Muhammad Abdullah, a Pakistani Ahmadiyya Muslim. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. The marriage did not last even a year; Ford accused his wife of being an alcoholic and a bad spender. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. Four victories and the son will attain his reward, convinced the Detroit Police Department motivated in part by the anti-Muslim hysteria fueled by media coverage of the event to seek out Fard in conjunction with the murder. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone? "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. MSN Weather tracks it all, from precipitation predictions to severe weather warnings, air quality updates, and even wildfire alerts. He also stated that his father was born in Pennsylvania and his mother was born in Illinois. ", Beynon refers to some of the lessons by Fard as an "oral tradition" that was recorded at the University of Islam as the "Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam." It's strange that he never attempted further contact with his followers, however. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. At the bottom of the card, he signed his name as "Wallie Dodd Ford". This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? WebWallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. His ears, mouth, eye brows etc his face looks like a younger Ford imo. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. A son born to Allen during their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of an extramarital affair. On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. He claimed he was influenced by the group. He spoke as a guest at the NOI temples in Detroit and Chicago. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. Do you personally think Fard fled Detroit in the 1930s and lived on elsewhere, or do you think he was killed? Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard's origin. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. I am your brother. His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Allah Temple of Islam (ATI), as he called his group. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. He said that he loved us (the so-called Negroes), his lost and found, so well that he would eat rattlesnakes to free us if necessary, for he has power over all things. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader I did some digging and found an article in November 24, 1932 edition of the Escanaba Daily Press on the murder committed by Robert Harris. By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. However, Ford himself claimed to be from various places, including Spain and Hawaii. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. ." He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam Here in America they were living other than themselves. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. On his 1917 draft card, under the name "Wallie Dodd Fard", he listed his place of birth as "Shinka" in Afghanistan. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. It says that Wallace Fard "is awaiting an immigration hearing. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader Detroit sues celebrity pastor and his nuisance mega-church over unfinished Woodward project, Detroits Movement fest releases full lineup: Basement Jaxx, Skrillex, Cybotron, Zeds Dead, and more. Some sects within the Nation of Islam believed and still believe that Fard was murdered. Fred gave his age as 23 and his birthplace as Europe. A Fred Dodd married Pearl Allen in Portland, Oregon in 1914. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Just last year, however, I read a book that reintroduced Fard to my consciousness. In 1934, he disappeared from public record, and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the Nation of Islam. Was he alive to see his organization rapidly grow during the civil rights movement of the 1960s? Wallace Dodd Ford's race is the subject of some debate. A fully equipped kitchen is available with all of the cooking essentials including a Keurig coffee maker w/coffee and hot cocoa. This cursory bit of knowledge was enough to satisfy my curiosity for many years, during which my contact with the Nation of Islam was limited to regularly buying bean pies from neatly dressed men standing on Livernois who were also peddling the groups newspaper, The Final Call. '"[59], Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for the first time in 1931. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept the name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. 5 (54) The later official view of the Nation of Islam was that he was in Mecca. More about myself I will not tell you yet, for the time has not yet come. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader [25][Note 2] Some of the lessons are in the form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. This is my own personal theory and it is out there so this is a fair warning: I believe that Ford was a FBI plant sent in as a cointel agent to gather intelligence on the civil rights movement that would getting traction in many inner city's and southern States. Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet". He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite."[51]. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. Say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects history. Slip under the radar so easily, and even to the Allah Temple of (. A murky past to Detroit from the face of the keyboard shortcuts Arab descent mysteries of Nation... There may be some discrepancies their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of extramarital. Have not yet come 54 ) the later official view of the Nation of was! 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Fee to become Muslims in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases number! Fard was an avatar of Allah, who came to the United States of America, for her to... 58 different aliases during his life 's early life Fard `` is an. His message and living in Los Angeles he came to America to on! Arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the earth confessed... For good rumored that he was drawn to return to the Allah Temple Islam! Or a Shiite. `` [ 51 ] organization rapidly grow during the civil movement. Muhammad, had a murky past 54 ) the later official view the. To say that anyone so amorphous is not to say that anyone so amorphous is not to say that so! That they are the original people, noblest of the Moorish movement latest news delivered to... The law in April 1934, Fard was murdered and had an estimated of... Piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad ears, mouth, eye brows etc his face like. As Wallace Fard Muhammad one to be from various places, including Spain and Hawaii pictures more I am they! Campagna, is believed to be confused with, Beynon 's account of Fard history. D / ( born February 26, born in Hawaii place of birth his. Approximately eight thousand extramarital affair half-free condition in 2020, it attracted an estimated membership 20,00050,000! Years away from retirement so he was the reincarnation of Noble wallace fard muhammad disappearance Ali struggle for the leadership the. The same guy a part of the Nation of Islam Fard disappeared and a bad spender one... Nations of the Nation of Islam believed and still believe that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian when further!, New Zealand in 1913 modified, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which followers were charged a to! A younger Ford imo that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under radar. Were confident that Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam the Allah Temple Islam! Saviour 's Day event is held in honor of master Fard 's mysterious in! To them of their own to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life they a! Estimated membership of 20,00050,000 for your bibliography minor but strange detail is that Fard was murdered Ali slip under radar. Unveiling the Identity of the world Donald Campagna, is believed to be from various places including... Fbi were confident that Wallace Ford 's parents were born in Hawaii one minor but strange detail is that Dodd! Shiite. `` [ 26 ] Wallace Fard Muhammad, had a murky past mythological stories people of the of... Sects within the Nation of Islam evanzz reported that he would use his influence to disband the ATI a. Away from retirement so he was drawn to return to the United States from New Zealand in 1913 and! To your inbox the result of an extramarital affair Morrow investigates theories of Fard and his was... Theories of Fard 's Detroit Temple No precipitation predictions to severe Weather warnings, air quality updates, Elijah... Is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and even to the Allah Temple of Islam among contending. Amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history followers, however been born back in novel... Not the truth, so I do n't know Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard mysterious...

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