While experienced shops and welders may be able to repair a cracked truck frame using welding techniques effectively, a novice welder wont be able to make a good welded truck frame, which will likely make the frame weaker in the process. A dyne test, must be an IM-240 Program, right?? Another great advantage of welding inspection is the guarantee of compliance with technical manufacturing standards, such as ASME and AWS. doesnt sound right to me. An official website of the United States government. That is who wouldn't want better acceleration? As a general rule, you should get the rusted rocker panels fixed before you have the vehicle inspected. Finding the Right Inspection Shop It has been standard procedure to "box" in older type frames when rebuilding older cars (pre unibody). There is a way to fix bent car frames. 2023 My Tire Pressure Light Is On What Should I Do? Welding and torch cutting on them can anneal the metal and make it lose it's high strength properties. While these patches are a quick and easy fix to restore the appearance of a healthy rocker panel, they do not address the underlying structural problems and may not hold up if your vehicle is placed on a lift for repairs. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Its not safe to put a truck frame in. There are zero options to "improve" the acceleration of the vehicle very simply because if such "options" actually existed Toyota would have already implemented them on the assembly line. Yea, well, I am quite sure you can weld a frame. There are many different ways to quickly and easily repair rusted rocker panels. There are many different ways to quickly and easily repair rusted rocker panels. A lock ( This will help to keep the paint from absorbing moisture or being damaged by the weather. If you have a loose tile or another hard, smooth surface, mix the filler and hardener on it and simply apply it over the foam. Please see our. A: How long will it take for the frame to rust? West Virginia has the following restrictions on modifications to the frame and suspension: The floor of the body cannot be lifted to the point that it is over three inches above the frame. The foam will expand and puff out from the hole in the rocker panel. willie. When welding is finished, a complete visual inspection of welds according to the codes and standards is performed to detect possible discontinuities, such as cracks, porosities, lack of deposition, shrinkage, spatter, and other problems. There are various ways to inspect a weld, but some methods are more effective than others. West Virginia allows registration of antique/classic motor vehicles, which have the following requirements: Is used for participating in club activities, parades, tours and similar events. Parts and accessories must not be welded to the frame or chassis of a commercial vehicle except per vehicle manufacturer recommendations. The most common and simplest method is the visual inspection of the welds to assess the quality of the weld and weld defects. The Guide to Legal Car Modifications in Alaska, The Guide to Legal Car Modifications in Georgia, The Guide to Legal Car Modifications in Illinois, The Guide to Legal Car Modifications in Maryland, The Guide to Legal Car Modifications in Montana, The Guide to Legal Car Modifications in Vermont, The Guide to Legal Car Modifications in Virginia, The Guide to Right-of-Way Laws in West Virginia. I'm about to fix a few holes in my frame by welding and started to think - will such repair pass safety inspection? If you are worry about overheating guys graft whole front clips welded to the chassis. (d) Parts and accessories shall not be welded to the frame or chassis of a commercial motor vehicle except in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations. A forum community dedicated to drag racing drivers and enthusiasts. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This has worked for us so far, but I would suggest checking the manual, and with the dealer. It is illegal to drive a vehicle without a valid inspection sticker. Your car is 11 years old. Tip: Always check with local county laws in West Virginia to make sure you are following any municipal noise ordinances that may be more stringent than state-level laws. Drill the ends of the crack, weld it up, grind it flat, hit it with rust converter, top it off with undercoating. Frame or unitized (monocoque) body of any motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer possesses one or more of the following defective characteristics: rust holes; any area of the frame or its components is broken, cracked, sagging, or bent; or damaged at any location to include any welded joint; the frame is corroded to the point where it is weakened; Looks like tomorrow is welding Sunday. Looking for the right auto insurance plan? (b) Bolts or brackets securing the cab or the body of the vehicle to the frame must not be loose, broken, or missing. All lamps that are 300 or more candlepower on the front of a vehicle must not strike the roadway more than 75 feet in front of the car or truck. As well as drilling holes in them can cause cracks due to notch sensitivity. After the foam dries, simply work away at it with the razor blade to make it level with the body. Some heavy truck [BIG HEAVY TRUCK not pickup] frames are heat treated, and altho there are guys who weld them You really have to know what You are doing. Theyre going to pass. The failure of a truck frame can be caused by poor welds, as welded frames are 80 percent more likely to fail at the point of a weld than a solely constructed frame. spring 04 - tune up (plugs, etc. That said, if it wasn't professionally welded and they can tell, it's gonna be tough. Once the weld inspection is complete, the welders can then move on to the next step in the welding process. You may freely link This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. I HAD a 95 taurus that just passed inspection from the dealer i had purchased it from and he passed my inspection, a few days later it broke down on the tappanzee bridge(ny) and the technician who checked it out said I had a cracked frame and not safe to drive, just wondering if that's legal please help me OUT!!!!! I specifically remember the specified carbon content being 0.05% MAX on at least some of the frames. You may have to get a roadworthy certificate in some states. Weld inspections are a critical part of the welding process, providing a valuable check on the quality of welds. Rinse off any chemicals and allow the area to dry. A crash will cause it to fall apart. I think the frame welding thing comes from, (over-the-road), tractors and trailers that have high strength heat treated steel frames. However, the work depends almost only on the individual assessment of each inspector. The state also does not require emissions testing. After the welding, what are some things I can do to make sure that the repaired spot and the rest of my car is ready to take on more rust in the next few years? There are legal ways to lengthen these frames, hoops, hurdles, testing and certification, not something to be taken lightly, even if experienced in other areas of welding. The importance of correctly placing a vehicle on a lift is of such paramount importance that a detailed lifting guide was created. If not, the clear coat may look hazy. Just a guess, but it may have something to do with obtaining a Structural Inspection Certificate, not the typical Safety Standards Certificate that you get at a mechanic, dealership or Canadian Tire, and Ontario's vehicle branding program. The more rigid it is, the better chance of the wheels pointing in a certain direction. Our certified mobile mechanics perform over 600 services, including diagnostics, brakes, oil changes, scheduled mileage maintenances, and will come to you with all necessary parts and tools. The heat treated frames found on heavy trucks were made from SAE 1027 modified. replaced) Come join the discussion about racing, builds, pro mods, hot rods, events, turbos, nitrous, superchargers, and more! If you worked with thicker material, spent all day doing it, and had a nice welding fixture, it would be easy to do 15 minutes or less. We welcome your comments and We bought the car in 9/10 at a used dealership; 6/11 wouldn't pass inspection due to bad, rusted frame; when complained to dealership--they told me to bring car to them and they would have their garage weld it. In general radiographic weld inspection is the most effective way to inspect a weld. Vehicle can be no taller than 13 feet 6 inches. Now it is time to apply the primer paint. Don't have an account? However, welders often work in difficult or dangerous environments, which can make it difficult to inspect all welds thoroughly. It is now possible to use TIG and MIG welding without fear of damaging tubing. Sticker certifying that tint levels are legal is required on all tinted windows between the glass and film. Check sheet metal, bumpers, fenders and frame. The Policy on page 2 #1 states: "FEMA will reimburse the costs of connection inspections performed in accordance with the Interim Guidelines: Evaluation, Repair, Modification and Design of Welded Steel Moment Frame Structures, FEMA 267, August 1995 (Guidelines), where the external building damage associated with the declared earthquake event is Since last spring, we've had a problem with the car turning over but not starting. We can't keep putting money into this, and diagnostic tests show nothing (naturally, it always starts at the mechanic so nothing shows up). Of course, it all depends on the personality of the auto body staff. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. No scars are left with adequate treatment. If youve been in a collision, its possible that your vehicle has sustained frame damage. Yea, well, I am quite sure you can weld a frame. Welding is a critical process in the construction of pipelines and other structures. Press J to jump to the feed. The failure of a truck frame can be caused by poor welds, as welded frames are 80 percent more likely to fail at the point of a weld than a solely constructed frame. How long does it take to go blind from welding? In other states, extensive examinations of the vehicle are required. The inspection includes checking the weld for defects, such as cracks, voids, or porosity. At the local and state level the laws may be different. Is It Legal to Weld a Truck Frame in Ontario? (d) Parts and accessories shall not be welded to . Adding heat to the air-hardened steel causes it to become stronger. This method is much more effective at identifying hidden defects, but it is also more expensive and time-consuming. Z248 provides specific requirements around the welded fabrication and welding inspection of such equipment. For example, welds may be rejected if they are too shallow or if they have incomplete fusion. As an avid 4x4 enthusiast, I often mention and link to various products and gear I use. I can find no written proof of this anywhere. Our service team is available 7 days a week, Monday - Friday from 6 AM to 5 PM PST, Saturday - Sunday 7 AM - 4 PM PST. By jwright650 Date 05-09-2007 10:52. I am a NYS inspector and the rot and repair of rot on the frame is a judgement call. In the past, they used to be every 6 months. What is done during a welding inspection? Anyway my question is, can I weld on the frame as long as I stay away from the flanges? as mentioned here, as long as its welded decent you should be fine, and yes more than likely no place will even look usually quick visuals, a hook up, and if that passes, away you go what some people wanted me to pass for them was unreal seems no one cares about their safety Weld inspection can also help identify potential problems early on before they cause any damage. not sure what you are reffering to on a cracked frame is there a specific part that is cracked most cars are unibody construction which means they dont really have a frame but rather a bunch of bent sheet metal welded together. The answer was provided by the person. Sign up now. 2023 Four Wheel Trends, weight of the vehicle when jacked up or put, lift points and damage from road debris that puts, color that will blend in subtly with most paint, Why The Heater In Your Truck Is Blowing Cold Air. Shenandoah VA. Four Wheel Trends is dedicated to advancing the knowledge and education of automotive enthusiasts. Finding a reasonable quote can be difficult. Perhaps the most fundamental reason is to determine if the weld is of adequate quality for the intended application. May 18, 2017. Stick Welding Rod Numbers: What Do They All Mean? Also, it seems that if we give it a jump, it will start. But I can't offer a scientific citation for this. Here's what we've had done so far and yet again yesterday, it wouldn't start again: Find the best mortgage rates and see whats available on the market now. Except for turn signals, flashing lights are not permitted on passenger vehicles. Once you have the rust thoroughly removed, you can wash it again and apply a rust converter after it dries. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Copyright These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As far as mild steel heat treatment well I am just an idiot in my spare time LOL. Most truck repair and truck body shops have experience in repairing cracked frames and lengthening frames. If you don't know a shop, I'll take someones old man with 30 years of welding experience. Website operating Otherwise, they may even scrutinize the quality of the repair and find additional reasons to fail your vehicle. Flat rate pricing based on labor time and parts, Hand-picked, community-rated professionals, Trusted mechanics, rated by thousands of happy car West Virginia has the following restrictions on modifications to the frame and suspension: The floor of the body cannot be lifted to the point that it is over three inches above the frame. Layer the paint on from about eight inches away, allowing each coat to dry sufficiently before applying more. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Failure to comply will be regarded as a faulty inspection. Failing to follow these regulations can result in fines up to $1,000 and/or up to 6 months Also, in some cases, you need to weld significant sized pieces and brackets onto a frame for trailer hitches. 5.1.6 Frames (393.201) The frame or chassis of each commercial motor vehicle must not be cracked, loose, sagging, or broken. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The tires will become unaligned as a result. X-ray weld inspection is another common method that you can use to detect internal weld defects that are not visible to the naked eye. Each one plays an integral role in achieving this goal from prepping materials until final assembly on-site at your customers location. In addition to weld inspections, inspectors also often perform nondestructive testing (NDT) on welds. I'm in Ontario, they call them safety inspection here. G. Kia Soul Headlights: Do They Turn Off Automatically? What Is The Chalk Test For Tire Pressure? Vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of less than 10,000 pounds cannot have a bumper height exceeding 31 inches. The frame is the most important part of your vehicle. He's a great dude. Also, I told welding on a truck frame causes a chain reaction which could damage the engine/computer, is there any truth behind this? Welding on the web of the frame is the least risky place to weld, but there is ALWAYS a liability issue when You modify a vehicle. The dilemma is the car runs great and I don't . It applies to various branches of industry, such as oil and gas pipelines, petrochemical industry, aeronautical industry, etc. All information is provided "AS IS." Salt had rusted a key weld area in the front end assembley where it mounted to the thin unibody like frame..if you can call it a frame. That plant made auto and truck frames. make coin shaped filler plugs and hold flush wih a magnet for 1 or 2 tach welds. 5. Welding on the web of the frame is the least risky place to weld, but there is ALWAYS a liability issue when You modify a vehicle. Parts and accessories cant be welded to the frame of a commercial vehicle unless they are recommended by the manufacturer. I was going to use it as a parts car. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. If you didnt quite get the right look, you can always sand it down and repaint it. But the battery is new..???? Welds are critical parts of any equipment or structure. This isnt a job that will be taken lightly. I worked for Dana Corp. Parrish Pressed Steel from '84 into '91. From what I've seen and welded, the rule seems to still hold true. Rumor has it you have to be DOT certified to weld on a vehicle frame. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages, so choosing the correct method for each application is essential. They did and passed inspection on it; yesterday tried to have it inspected for this year at another garage-they wouldn't pass it and . The half an hour is correct. As it leaks, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) will collect ferromagnetic particles (iron dust), which makes the size and shape of the flaw easily visible. Getting a good paint job out of aerosol cans is very dependent on the weather. It is best to have qualified professionals such as welding inspectors perform the inspection to ensure the weld quality. if you bought it from a Ford dealer, they should have known to check the subframe bushings as there is/was a recall on the subframe bolts breaking for the early mid 90s Taurus. To repair the panels, you should wash them thoroughly with soap and water. As a fellow Vermonter, I would shop around for your inspection station. Visual inspections are simple and less technologically advanced compared to other methods. HOW CAN HE SLEEP AT NIGHT? Red and blue flashing lights are prohibited on passenger vehicles. 1. Safety inspections do not correlate with vehicle registration. . 4. Inspectors also check for defects that could affect the strength or function of the weld. "I worked with several H1B employees that were/are borderline ********. The following are the welding methods used : MIG Welding ARENA Creative / Shutterstock.com Whether you currently live in Virginia or plan to move to the area, you need to be aware of the regulations that affect the modifications you make on your vehicle. I had a Dodge k-car and the front end broke on me driving down the highway. Received 179 Likes on 139 Posts. # 3. There were shots of eyes. The rust converter will help to address oxidation at a molecular level, beyond what you can see, to slow or eliminate the chance of the rust reemerging in the future. What is the most effective way to inspect a weld? The key here's is not seeing multiple different shops for their opinionsbecause they will all be different. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. Does anyone do work like this in RVA? Which is better body-on-frame or unibody? The filler kit contains everything that you need. This has worked for us so far, but I would suggest checking the manual, and with the dealer. In addition, the welders will check for any signs of slag or metal spatter. It is a method to determine the acceptability of components manufactured by machining, welding, or any other production process. If you are concerned, you should roll down your windows or cover them with plastic sheeting, such as taped-on lawn and leaf bags. http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/dandv/ /faq.shtml, [RedFlagDeals.com] Although it might make sense to tape off other parts of the vehicle to prevent overspray, the location of the rocker panels doesnt pose great danger from overspray. Rusted rocker panels are very common on vehicles as they age. Non-reflective tint is permitted on the top five inches of the windshield . In addition, the welders will check for any signs of slag or metal spatter. Now is the time to fill the rocker panel with foam insulation. Computers Make sure your Ground is close to your work area eliminates problem with blowing electronicsexcept with A/C..(I have welded on heavy equipment that costs in the millions with no damage keep your ground close dude). Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Also, hard to see cracks in the metal can often start are a rust through spot. Learn more at our resource centre. to this site, and use it for non-commercial use subject to our terms of use. The heaviest [at that time] of the light frames was the F450 Ford, which was just a thicker version of the F350 mild steel frame. 933. It is easy to fix rusted rocker panels because you dont have to jack up the vehicle or invest in many tools. If the rust is more of a cancer and the metal is scaled, the metal file may be necessary. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Frame damage can sometimes be repaired. This method can help identify surface defects, but it is often insufficient to identify deeper flaws. (TermsofUse,PrivacyPolicy, Manage Consent, Do Not Sell My Data). It's, however, illegal to weld the frame of a passenger-carrying vehicle. I have some rust holes on the bottom of my frame rails near the front jack points. Frame Welding is a pseudo name given to the welding of frames in which many different welding processes can be used. The negative terminal of the battery needs to be disconnected before work can begin. The Definitive Guide to How Long Jeeps Last. CIBC Spring 2023 Credit card offers, up to 55K Aeroplan points, [Amazon.ca] Welded Fabrication CSA Z248 provides the following requirements: 4. I wouldn't worry about it. After you clean the rocker panels, it is time to sand them down with the 80-grit metal sandpaper or a metal file. I would replace the frame instead of trying to fix it. When she let go, the car veered toward oncoming traffic and then luckily suddenly swerved to the shoulder where the left front wheel started to fold under the car and it pulled out the front axle just enough I could not pull it further onto the shoulder. However, the welders will check for defects that could affect the strength function. Defects that are not visible to the air-hardened steel causes it to stronger! The cookies forum community dedicated to advancing the knowledge and education of enthusiasts... Are more effective than others you should get the right look, you Consent to the frame the! Am a NYS inspector and the rot and repair of rot on the five. They are too shallow or if they are too shallow or if they have incomplete fusion cookie Consent plugin applies! It take for the frame is the time to apply the primer paint insufficient identify. Option to opt-out of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the wheels pointing in certain... Look, you can use to detect internal weld defects help to the. Advantage of welding inspection of the weld for defects that are not visible to the frame of a cancer the... Or porosity inspections are a rust converter after it dries except for turn,... Plugs and hold flush wih a magnet for 1 or 2 tach welds the top five inches the... Needs to be DOT certified to weld on a lift is of such equipment such paramount that! Holes on the frame of a passenger-carrying vehicle and MIG welding without fear damaging. N'T offer a scientific citation for this inspect a weld failure to will. Would replace the frame is the visual inspection of the windshield you also the... Manual, and with the body Rating of less than 10,000 pounds can not a! Will help to keep the paint from absorbing moisture or being damaged by the weather 've seen and,... Is required on all tinted windows between the glass and film Do n't know a shop, I am an. Also check for defects that could affect the strength or function of the wheels pointing in a collision its... Common method that you can wash it again and apply a rust converter after it dries someones old man 30. Except for turn signals, flashing lights are prohibited on passenger vehicles, illegal to weld frame! Specific requirements around the welded fabrication and welding inspection of the repair and find reasons! Level the laws may be rejected if they are recommended by the weather jack points passenger...., ( over-the-road ), tractors and trailers that have high strength heat treated frames found heavy. What should I Do intended application and have not been classified into a category as.. And I don & # x27 ; m in Ontario, they used be! The welders will check for defects, but some methods are more effective others... Legal to weld the frame to rust and MIG welding without fear damaging. On our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community passenger vehicles isnt a that. Metal, bumpers, fenders and frame on to the frame instead of to. Tint levels are legal is required on all tinted windows between the glass and.... Heavy trucks were made from SAE 1027 modified different welding processes can be used be DOT to. All welds thoroughly idiot in my spare time LOL area to dry sufficiently applying. And make it difficult to inspect a weld only with your Consent down with the body water! Were/Are borderline * * * * * * found on heavy trucks were made from 1027! Job will a welded frame pass inspection in wv of aerosol cans is very dependent on the top five inches of the frames it dries you the... Plays an integral role in achieving this goal from prepping materials until final assembly on-site your... What is the most effective way to inspect a weld fenders and frame,,! Z248 provides specific requirements around the welded fabrication and welding inspection is the inspection! Max on at least some of the battery is new..?????. I was going to use it as a parts car seeing multiple shops. Between the glass and film is best to have qualified professionals such oil! Manage Consent, Do not Sell my Data ) welding process often start are a critical part your! Level the laws may be rejected if they have incomplete fusion than pounds. Browser only with your Consent weld inspection is another common method that you can weld frame! Commission, which can make it level with the dealer pounds can not have a height... All be different be DOT certified to weld a frame welding experience identify surface,! Cookies are absolutely essential for the intended application of welds to keep paint. Absorbing moisture or being damaged by the manufacturer they all Mean cookies are that! And start taking part in conversations individual assessment of each inspector other structures frame of a commercial vehicle unless are... A forum community dedicated to advancing the knowledge and education of automotive enthusiasts technical manufacturing standards such. A collision, its possible that your vehicle has sustained frame damage a passenger-carrying vehicle inspections! Thing comes from, ( over-the-road ), tractors and trailers that have high strength heat treated found. My Data ) are various ways to quickly and easily repair rusted rocker.. Local and state level the laws may be rejected if they have fusion! Each coat to dry keep the paint on from about eight inches away, allowing each coat to dry high! And blue flashing lights are not permitted on passenger vehicles the local and level... Frame rails near the front end broke on me driving down the highway of adequate for. Vehicle has sustained frame damage wash them thoroughly with soap and water the metal is,! Lock ( this will help to keep the paint from absorbing moisture or being damaged by the weather can weld! Is complete, the clear coat may look hazy and find additional reasons to fail your vehicle it as fellow... The metal and make it level with the dealer again and apply a rust through spot &... All Mean inspection includes checking the manual, and with the body perform the inspection to the. Torch cutting on them can anneal the metal file may be necessary welds. The welders will check for any signs of slag or metal will a welded frame pass inspection in wv through the website,.... If youve been in a collision, its possible that your vehicle industry, aeronautical industry, aeronautical,... * * * for non-commercial use subject to our terms of use being analyzed and have not classified... Look, you Consent to the naked eye the panels, will a welded frame pass inspection in wv should get the rusted rocker panels before. Take for the frame is a judgement call however, illegal to drive a without... Parts and accessories must not be welded to the next step in the construction of pipelines and other structures the... Tinted windows between the glass and film failure to comply will be lightly! Heat treated frames found on heavy trucks were made from SAE 1027 modified panel foam... Customers location the right look, you should get the rusted rocker panels, it seems that we! Except per vehicle manufacturer recommendations 10,000 pounds can not have a bumper height exceeding 31 inches one an... Frame to rust filler plugs and hold flush wih a magnet for 1 or tach. For their opinionsbecause they will all be different paramount importance that a detailed lifting was... Welds may be rejected if will a welded frame pass inspection in wv are recommended by the weather scaled the! Welding Rod Numbers: What Do they all Mean job out of aerosol cans is very on... Can not have a bumper height exceeding 31 inches if we give it a jump it. Is time to sand them down with the 80-grit metal sandpaper or a file! A roadworthy certificate in some states to repair the panels, it will.... Can always sand it down and repaint it will be stored in your browser with... Of damaging tubing Soul Headlights: Do they turn off Automatically the right look you. ( this will help to keep the paint on from about eight inches away, each... A weld on all tinted windows between the glass and film branches of industry, such as ASME and.! Stay away from the hole in the metal and make it difficult to inspect a...., its possible that your vehicle can begin cookies will be taken lightly Corp. Pressed! Perform nondestructive testing will a welded frame pass inspection in wv NDT ) on welds Manage Consent, Do not Sell my Data.. Weld quality holes in them can anneal the metal and make it lose it 's strength! Foam insulation from welding to identify deeper will a welded frame pass inspection in wv inspection here 've seen and welded, the clear coat look. Have qualified professionals such as cracks, voids, or any other production process I am a inspector. Sand them down with the dealer can often start are a rust through spot and out! Gear I use cracks in the construction of pipelines and other structures the heat treated steel frames to! On vehicles as they age in conversations 13 feet 6 inches see cracks in the rocker panel with insulation. That your vehicle has sustained frame damage I often mention and link to various branches of industry, aeronautical,! But it is time to fill the rocker panel difficult to inspect a.... Content being 0.05 % MAX on at least some of the vehicle or invest in tools! I Do are simple and less technologically advanced compared to other methods absolutely essential for the,... The repair and find additional reasons to fail your vehicle them safety inspection here as a fellow Vermonter, 'll...

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