[186] Relations with the white minority remained strained; for most white Kenyans, Kenyatta was their principal enemy, an agitator with links to the Soviet Union who had the impertinence to marry a white woman. He was not only older at 63 than all of . [216] The prosecution failed to produce any strong evidence that Kenyatta or the other accused had any involvement in managing the Mau Mau. [537] From 1963 until his death, a cult of personality surrounded him in the country,[538] one which deliberately interlinked Kenyan nationalism with Kenyatta's own personality. About age 10 Kamau became seriously ill with jigger infections in his feet and one leg, and he underwent successful surgery at a newly established Church of Scotland mission. Source: Twitter. His children included President Uhuru Kenyatta, by his fourth and. Surely if we are considered fit enough to take our rifles and fight side by side with white men we have a right to a direct say in the running of our country and to education. Jomo Kenyatta died on August 22, 1978, in Mombasa and was buried on August 31 in Nairobi. [554] By 1964, this image had largely shifted, and many white settlers referred to him as "Good Old Mzee". The names of the Kapenguria Six were Bildad Kaggia, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, Achieng' Oneko, Kung'u Karumba, and Jomo Kenyata. [105] Both Padmore and Kenyatta left the Soviet Union, the latter returning to London in August 1933. President Uhuru Kenyatta. We can fight in unity with the workers and toilers of the whole world, and for a Free Africa. President Uhuru Kenyatta's son, Jomo, who has for some time been missing from the public eye, on Tuesday night, alongside his dad, visited former Prime Minister Raila Odinga at the latter's home in Karen, Nairobi. [550], During much of his life, Kenya's white settlers had regarded Kenyatta as a malcontent and an agitator;[551] for them, he was a figure of hatred and fear. [267] [344] Relations with the Soviet Union were also strained; Kenyatta shut down the Lumumba Institutean educational organisation named after the Congolese independence leader Patrice Lumumbaon the basis that it was a front for Soviet influence in Kenya. [493] The material included in these publications was carefully selected so as to avoid mention of the radicalism he exhibited while in Britain during the 1930s. Her husband was arrested just one year into their marriage in reaction to the Mau Mau insurgency, leaving her alone. There he secured a job as a clerk in the Public Works Department, and he also adopted the name Kenyatta, the Kikuyu term for a fancy belt that he wore. [65] His landlord subsequently impounded his belongings due to unpaid debt. [115] The book was published under Armstrong's name, although Kenyatta claimed he should have been listed as co-author. Under Kenyatta, Kenya joined the Organisation of African Unity and the Commonwealth of Nations, espousing a pro-Western and anti-communist foreign policy amid the Cold War. "[561] Ngg was among Kenyan critics who claimed that Kenyatta treated Mau Mau veterans dismissively, leaving many of them impoverished and landless while seeking to remove them from the centre stage of national politics. [148] Murray-Brown later described it as "a propaganda tour de force. [8] Wambui subsequently bore another son, Kongo,[9] shortly before Muigai died. Q2 Marchand's reasons for her view are . [328] White Kenyans were left in senior positions within the judiciary, civil service, and parliament,[329] with the white Kenyans Bruce Mackenzie and Humphrey Slade being among Kenyatta's top officials. [235] By the late 1950s, the imprisoned Kenyatta had become a symbol of African nationalism across the continent. Kenyatta eye Bnymacbaai tue paan Kenya jk cok ee nhomlaau agut run 1963 et thou yen n run 1978 ee c looi ku macbaai tue n run 1963-4 ku jl ban Banymacbaai n run 1964-78. [46] When the KCA wrote to Beauttah and asked him to travel to London as their representative, he declined, but recommended that Kenyattawho had a good command of Englishgo in his place. He expressed the view that although personally opposing FGM, he regarded its legal abolition as counter-productive, and argued that the churches should focus on eradicating the practice through educating people about its harmful effects on women's health. Kenya's 1st President Jomo Kenyatta Arrested On This Day In 1953. [547] In 2018, Maloba described him as "one of the legendary pioneers of modern African nationalism". They were slapped with what could only be described as trumped up charges. [514] As President, Kenyatta often reminisced nostalgically about his time in England, referring to it as "home" on several occasions. [253], After the Lancaster House negotiations, the anti-colonial movement had split into two parties, the Kenya African National Union (KANU), which was dominated by Kikuyu and Luo, and the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU), which was led largely by members of smaller ethnic groups like the Kalenjin and Maasai. [265] There, the colonial government had built him a new house to replace that they had demolished. Jeni Makena Gecaga nee Kenyatta is mother to Soiya Gecaga, Nana Gecaga, and Jomo Gecaga, who serves as President Uhuru Kenyatta's private secretary [9]. At independence, Kenyatta would not only be considered the guardian of political order, he would also inherit an advantageously designed institutional framework to control the most valuable political and economic resource in Kenya: land. [255] KANU then declared that it would refuse to take part in any government unless Kenyatta was freed. [372], In part fuelled by high rural unemployment, Kenya witnessed growing rural-to-urban migration under Kenyatta's government. [389] This put a severe strain on social services; Kenyatta's government promoted family planning projects to stem the birth-rate, but these had little success. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [333] To this end, it made efforts to assert the dignity of indigenous African cultures which missionaries and colonial authorities had belittled as "primitive". [260], Renison decided to release Kenyatta before Kenya achieved independence. [237] The administration then placed a restricting order on Kenyatta, forcing him to reside in the remote area of Lodwar, where he had to report to the district commissioner twice a day. In May 1928 Kenyatta launched a monthly Kikuyu-language newspaper called Mwigithania (He Who Brings Together), aimed at gaining support from all sections of the Kikuyu. After serving briefly as an interpreter in the High Court, Kenyatta transferred to a post with the Nairobi Town Council. [363] Other businesses they were involved with included ruby mining in Tsavo National Park, the casino business, the charcoal tradewhich was causing significant deforestationand the ivory trade. [42] Kenyatta lived in the Kilimani neighbourhood of Nairobi,[43] although he financed the construction of a second home at Dagoretti; he referred to this latter hut as the Kinyata Stores for he used it to hold general provisions for the neighborhood. [282] KADU desired a federalist state organised on a system they called Majimbo with six largely autonomous regional authorities, a two-chamber legislature, and a central Federal Council of Ministers who would select a rotating chair to serve as head of government for a one-year term. [34] Desiring a wife,[35] Kenyatta entered a relationship with Grace Wahu, who had attended the CMS School in Kabete; she initially moved into Kenyatta's family homestead,[35] although she joined Kenyatta in Dagoretti when Ngengi drove her out. Kenya's first President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta married four wives, Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Grace Wanjiku and Mama Ngina. [384] Although Kenyatta died without having attained the goal of free, universal primary education in Kenya, the country had made significant advances in that direction, with 85% of Kenyan children in primary education, and within a decade of independence had trained sufficient numbers of indigenous Africans to take over the civil service. [302] He publicly stated that talk of a federation had always been a ruse to hasten the pace of Kenyan independence from Britain, but Nyerere denied that this was true. "[358], Under Kenyatta, corruption became widespread throughout the government, civil service, and business community. [31] In the evenings, he took classes in a church mission school. That does not mean we should not take account of whites, provided we have the key position. Both the KCA and the Kikuyu Association opposed these Land Boards, which treated Kikuyu land as collectively-owned rather than recognising individual Kikuyu land ownership. [120] First Wife and Children of Kenyatta The first wife to President Jomo Kenyatta, Grace Wahu was married in 1919 and on 20 November 1922, the very first child of Mzee Jomo was born. On his release, Kenyatta became President of KANU and led the party to victory in the 1963 general election. Jomo Kenyatta, original name Kamau Ngengi, (born c. 1894, Ichaweri, British East Africa [now in Kenya]died August 22, 1978, Mombasa, Kenya), African statesman and nationalist, the first prime minister (1963-64) and then the first president (1964-78) of independent Kenya. [477] According to Murray-Brown, Kenyatta's "basic philosophy" throughout his life was that "all men deserved the right to develop peacefully according to their own wishes". [223] The appeals process resumed in October 1953, and in January 1954 the Supreme Court upheld the convictions against all but Oneko. about by swifter communications and mass media which probe into and make familiar all the social patterns of our human family. While Jomo Kenyatta himself owned only about half a dozen properties, on roughly 4,000 hectares of land, his fourth wife Mama Ngina owned at least 115,000 hectares including a large ranch, two tea plantations and three sisal farms, the report said. He reassured them that they would be safe and welcome in an independent Kenya, and more broadly talked of forgiving and forgetting the conflicts of the past. [532] Despite portraying himself as a Christian, he found the attitudes of many European missionaries intolerable, in particular their readiness to see everything African as evil. . [555] Murray-Brown expressed the view that for many, Kenyatta's "message of reconciliation, 'to forgive and forget', was perhaps his greatest contribution to his country and to history. [202] In August he attended a much-publicised mass meeting in Kiambu wherein front of 30,000 peoplehe said that "Mau Mau has spoiled the country. [414] Opposition to Kenyatta's government grew, particularly following the assassination of Pio Pinto in February 1965. [478], Murray-Brown noted that "Kenyatta had always kept himself free from ideological commitments",[328] while the historian William R. Ochieng observed that "Kenyatta articulated no particular social philosophy". [277] He was also aware that the confidence of the white minority would be crucial to securing Western investment in Kenya's economy. [133] This group developed into a wider pan-Africanist organisation, the International African Service Bureau (IASB), of which Kenyatta became one of the vice chairs. [307] Also in attendance were leading figures from the Mau Mau. BuzzKenya. [97] There he was taught arithmetic, geography, natural science, and political economy, as well as Marxist-Leninist doctrine and the history of the Marxist-Leninist movement. [168] The conference ended with a statement declaring that while delegates desired a peaceful transition to African self-rule, Africans "as a last resort, may have to appeal to force in the effort to achieve Freedom". After his death in 1978, Ngina Kenyatta, his fourth wife, played a pivotal role in . [33] He also lived for a time in Dagoretti, where he became a retainer for a local sub-chief, Kioi; in 1919 he assisted Kioi in putting the latter's case in a land dispute before a Nairobi court. [111] He also wrote the entry on Kenya for Negro, an anthology edited by Nancy Cunard and published in 1934. Resolutions were passed and plans discussed for mass nationalist movements to demand independence from colonial rule. [132] When Ethiopia's monarch Haile Selassie fled to London in exile, Kenyatta personally welcomed him at Waterloo station. [48] Kenyatta had not taken part in these events,[49] perhaps so as not to disrupt his lucrative employment prospects. Jomo married Grace, Wahu Kenyatta in 1942, at age 48. [215] The trial lasted five months: Rawson Macharia, the main prosecution witness, turned out to have perjured himself; the judge had only recently been awarded an unusually large pension and maintained secret contact with the then colonial Governor Evelyn Baring. He suggested that the British supported Kenyatta in this, seeing him as a bulwark against growing worker and peasant militancy who would ensure continued neo-colonial dominance. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [179] It was also beset with problems, including a decline in standards and teachers' strikes over non-payment of wages. [10] Ngengi was harsh and resentful toward the three boys, and Wambui decided to take her youngest son to live with her parental family further north. Many institutions bear his name. [360] Their acquisitions in the Central, Rift Valley, and Coast Provinces aroused great anger among landless Kenyans. [198] For many young Mau Mau militants, Kenyatta was regarded as a hero,[199] and they included his name in the oaths they gave to the organisation; such oathing was a Kikuyu custom by which individuals pledged allegiance to another. Du Bois of the United States in the chair; Kwame Nkrumah, the future leader of Ghana, was also present. Magana, 76, lived in the United Kingdom with his mother who died in 1995 at the age of 86. [353] To this end it emphasised social welfare schemes over traditional industrial institutions,[353] and in 1965 transformed the Kenya Federation of Labour into the Central Organization of Trade (COT), a body which came under strong government influence. [483] He pursued, according to Maloba, "a conservatism that worked in concert with imperial powers and was distinctly hostile to radical politics". [61] He also praised the British Empire, stating that: "The first thing [about the Empire] is that all people are governed justly, big or smallequally. [468] As vice president, Moi was sworn in as acting president for a 90-day interim period. [27] Kenyatta left the job when he became seriously ill; he recuperated at a friend's house in the Tumutumu Presbyterian mission. [451] The funeral took place at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, six days after Kenyatta's death. [187] He was nevertheless aware that to achieve independence, KAU needed the support of other indigenous tribes and ethnic groups. In August 1914 he was baptized with the name Johnstone Kamau. Padmore resigned from the Soviet Communist Party in protest, and was subsequently vilified in the Soviet press. The first African political protest movement in Kenya against a white-settler-dominated government began in 1921the East Africa Association (EAA), led by an educated young Kikuyu named Harry Thuku. [489] He also faced a contradiction between his internal debates on Kikuyu ethics and belief in tribal identity with his need to create a non-tribalised Kenyan nationalism. [412] In 1966, it launched a commission to examine reforms to local government operations,[412] and in 1969 passed the Transfer of Functions Act, which terminated grants to local authorities and transferred major services from provincial to central control. [459] The Kenyan government had been preparing for Kenyatta's death since at least his 1968 stroke; it had requested British assistance in organising his state funeral as a result of the UK's longstanding experience in this area. Nehru's response was supportive, sending a message to Kenya's Indian minority reminding them that they were the guests of the indigenous African population. (1946-1950), Ngina Kenyattam. Beth Mugo has been a nominated senator under the Jubilee Alliance (Ruling Alliance in Kenya) since 2013 and has been known to strongly support her cousin (President Uhuru Kenyatta). Let Mau Mau perish forever. [14] The missionaries were zealous Christians who believed that bringing Christianity to the indigenous peoples of Eastern Africa was part of Britain's civilizing mission. Jomo Kenyatta was the first prime minister (1963-64) and afterwards the first president of independent Kenya (1964-78). Jomo Kenyatta with his sons Uhuru and Muhoho (right). [182], In August 1944, the Kenya African Union (KAU) had been founded; at that time it was the only active political outlet for indigenous Africans in the colony. [56] Also in February, his daughter, Wambui Margaret, was born. [380], The government oversaw a massive expansion in education facilities. [238] There, he was joined by his wife Ngina. ", After the United Kingdom entered World War II in September 1939, Kenyatta and Stock moved to the Sussex village of Storrington. and started a family. [94] Over time, he became Padmore's protg. Africa 24", Jomo Kenyatta and his second wife Edna Clarke, So you think you know everything about Jomo Kenyatta?. The remnants of the British military in Kenya also started playing an active role in planning Jomo's funeral, led by Col J.R. Anderson - the most senior British military official and who acted as adviser to the Ministry of Defence - then under Dr Mungai. [392] He also took on a mediating role during the Congo Crisis, heading the Organisation of African Unity's Conciliation Commission on the Congo. [520] He told his daughter "the English are wonderful people to live with in England. [71], Kenyatta developed contacts with radicals to the left of the Labour Party, including several communists. [432] Kenyatta had reportedly been concerned that Mboya, with U.S. backing, could remove him from the presidency,[433] and across Kenya there were suspicions voiced that Kenyatta's government was responsible for Mboya's death. [480] Towards the end of his presidency, many younger Kenyanswhile respecting Kenyatta's role in attaining independenceregarded him as a reactionary. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Matthew Patay Family (1) Spouse Ngina Muhoho (1951 - 22 August 1978) (his death) (4 children) Edna Clarke (May 1942 - ?) [353] In 1965, the government established the Kenya National Trading Corporation to ensure indigenous control over the trade in essential commodities,[354] while the Trade Licensing Act of 1967 prohibited non-citizens from involvement in the rice, sugar, and maize trade. [267] In October 1961, Kenyatta formally joined KANU and accepted its presidency. Uhuru Kenyatta Parents - Jomo Kenyatta and Ngina Kenyatta (nee Muhoho) Jomo Kenyatta. [437] Many Kenyans were pressured or forced to swear oaths, something condemned by the country's Christian establishment. [344] In 1964, Kenyatta impounded a secret shipment of Chinese armaments that passed through Kenyan territory on its way to Uganda. We're 100% free for everything!' FamilyTree Now.com FamilyTree Now. [44] He had sufficient funds that he could lend money to European clerks in the offices,[45] and could enjoy the lifestyle offered by Nairobi, which included cinemas, football matches, and imported British fashions. Both the amendments by these two Presidents were to remove them from the list of . [67] Kenyatta became friends with Ross' family, and accompanied them to social events in Hampstead. [284] At Kenyatta's prompting, KANU conceded to some of KADU's demands; he was aware that he could amend the constitution when in office. Jomo, who had been incessantly nudged by his blood relations in the larger Kenyatta family to finally settle down, took paternity leave from State House following the birth of the twins. The first family welcomed a new member after President Uhuru Kenyatta 's first son, Jomo Kenyatta and wife Fiona Achola welcomed a baby girl on Sunday. [102], The emergence of Germany's Nazi government shifted political allegiances in Europe; the Soviet Union pursued formal alliances with France and Czechoslovakia,[103] and thus reduced its support for the movement against British and French colonial rule in Africa. Kenyatta joined the following year. [261] In April 1961, the government flew Kenyatta to Maralal, where he maintained his innocence of the charges but told reporters that he bore no grudges. They are remembered both for making the dream of African independence a reality and for their invention of postcolonial authoritarianism. [494], Kenyatta had been exposed to Marxist-Leninist ideas through his friendship with Padmore and the time spent in the Soviet Union,[495] but had also been exposed to Western forms of liberal democratic government through his many years in Britain. African exuberance and love of display found perfect expression in Kenyatta's flair alongside the dignity and respect due to 'His Excellency, the President, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta'. [335] The Kenya Cultural Centre supported indigenous art and music, and hundreds of traditional music and dance groups were formed; Kenyatta personally insisted that such performances were held at all national celebrations. [93], In Britain, Kenyatta befriended an Afro-Caribbean Marxist, George Padmore, who was working for the Soviet-run Comintern. [17] He also performed chores for the mission, including washing the dishes and weeding the gardens. [5], Edna, who died in 1995 at the age of 86, was Kenyatta's second wife. She argues that the quality of love is more important than quantity and that children will not be negatively affected by the absence of an opposite-sex parent. The man who won his country's independence. Jomo Kenyatta [a] CGH ( c. 1897 - 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti- colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. [566], Kenyatta was accused by Kenya's Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission in its 2013 report of using his authority as president to allocate large tracts of land to himself and his family across Kenya. D.L. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jomo-Kenyatta, South African History Online - Biography of Jomo Kenyatta, The Open university - Making Britain - Jomo Kenyatta, Jomo Kenyatta - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [440], Kenyatta's government resorted to un-democratic measures to restrict the opposition. [248] Resolutions calling for his release were produced at the All-African Peoples' Conferences held in Tunis in 1960 and Cairo in 1961. [72] In the summer of 1929, he left London and traveled by Berlin to Moscow before returning to London in October. [456] After Kariuki's murder, Maloba noted, there was a "noticeable erosion" of support for Kenyatta and his government. Kenyatta told Shiels that he was not affiliated with communist circles and was unaware of the nature of the newspaper which published his articles. [177] In May 1947, Koinange moved to England, leaving Kenyatta to take full control of the college. [6], Kenyatta was raised according to traditional Kikuyu custom and belief, and was taught the skills needed to herd the family flock. [90] In June, he visited Geneva, Switzerland to attend a Save the Children conference on African children. [3], He had one son, Peter Magana Kenyatta (born on August 11, 1944), from his short marriage with Edna Clarke. [502] According to Maloba, Kenyatta's government "sought to project capitalism as an African ideology, and communism (or socialism) as alien and dangerous". [398] Britain remained one of Kenya's foremost sources of foreign trade; British aid to Kenya was among the highest in Africa. [457] Thenceforth, when the president spoke to crowds, they no longer applauded his statements. [239] In October 1961 she bore him another son, Uhuru, and later on another daughter, Nyokabi, and a further son, Muhoho. In this war large numbers of my people have been fighting to smash fascist power in Africa and have borne some of the hardest fights against the Italians. . [338] Under Kenyatta, the structure of this economy did not fundamentally change, remaining externally oriented and dominated by multinational corporations and foreign capital. The widening wealth gap skewed in favour of the dominant Kikuyu at the expense of low-income Kenyans and members of other ethnic groups, a problem that was exacerbated by rapid population growth. [529] While in London, Kenyatta had taken an interest in the atheist speakers at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park,[530] while an Irish Muslim friend had unsuccessfully urged Kenyatta to convert to Islam. [175] Kenyatta met with the new Governor of Kenya, Philip Euen Mitchell, and in March 1947 accepted a post on an African Land Settlement Board, holding the post for two years. [240] Kenyatta spent two years in Lodwar. [306] He also encouraged the remaining Mau Mau fighters to leave the forests and settle in society. A member of the Kikuyu people, Kenyatta was born with the name Kamau in the village of Ngenda. In 1925 the EAA disbanded as a result of government pressures, and its members re-formed as the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). [77] [213] Together, Kenyatta, Bildad Kaggia, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, Achieng Oneko and Kung'u Karumbathe "Kapenguria Six"were put on trial. [534] In that book's dedication, Kenyatta invoked "ancestral spirits" as part of "the Fight for African Freedom. In photos that were later shared online, Jomo is seen standing next to Mr Odinga who appears to be having a swollen lip and a . The business empire of Kenya's founding president, Jomo Kenyatta, has been moving from strength to strength steered by younger family members who are now part of the business. According to Ruth, the entire family paid a heavy price when the elder Kenyatta placed Jaramogi under house arrest. [87], Between 1935 and 1937, Kenyatta worked as a linguistic informant for the Phonetics Department at University College London (UCL); his Kikuyu voice recordings assisted Lilias Armstrong's production of The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. "[486] He welcomed white support for his cause, so long as it was generous and unconditional, and spoke of a Kenya in which indigenous Africans, Europeans, Arabs, and Indians could all regard themselves as Kenyans, working and living alongside each other peacefully. This book signaled another name change, to Jomo (Burning Spear) Kenyatta. Mama Ngina lives quietly as a wealthy widow in Kenya. The current first family is made up of Uhuru Kenyatta, Margaret Kenyatta and their three children, Ngina, Jomo and Jaba Kenyatta. [345] In 1965, when Thomas Mboya was minister for economic planning and development, the government issued a session paper titled "African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya", in which it officially declared its commitment to what it called an "African socialist" economic model. [64] He then lodged with a prostitute; both this and Kenyatta's lavish spending brought concern from the Church Mission Society. [114] The pro-independence sentiments that he was able to express in Britain would not have been permitted in Kenya itself. In Nairobi, Kenyatta was introduced to the East . He thought public exposure to Kenyatta prior to elections would make the populace less likely to vote for a man Renison regarded as a violent extremist. We must refuse to give any support to the British imperialists either by paying taxes or obeying any of their slave laws! Kenya's first President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta married four wives, Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Grace Wanjiku and Mama Ngina. Kenyatta was the uncle of Ngethe Njoroge, Kenya's first representative to the United Nations and the great uncle of Tom Morello, the guitarist for Rage Against the Machine. [222], Kenyatta and the others were returned to Lokitaung, where they resided on remand while awaiting the results of the appeal process. [343] Under Kenyatta, Western companies regarded Kenya as a safe and profitable place for investment;[344] between 1964 and 1970, large-scale foreign investment and industry in Kenya nearly doubled. He remained imprisoned at Lokitaung until 1959 and was then exiled to Lodwar until 1961. 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