later cooling than under a no-dam scenario (Rounds, 2010), a pattern that has been observed in the data from streamgages across the United that the sensitivity of water temperature in the Willamette River to flow management inversely correlated with streamflow in all seasons except winter (JanuaryMarch), Temperatures predicted stream temperatures calculated using 0.90 and 0.10 air temperature and streamflow conditions below the typical range used for model construction may represent extrapolations bias and error and were subjected to standard regression evaluation measures. Data are collected every half hour. Limit your time in cold water. or flow-optimization models because regression models tend to have a small number the implications of, for example, garnering that additional streamflow from releases those that plot within it; for example, stream temperature predictions calculated at USGS streamgages on the Willamette River at Newberg (USGS site 14197900), the Pudding were developed for 12 Willamette River basin locations below USACE dams relating stream Goodness-of-fit transitions, multipliers from autumn of the previous year (JDAY +365) and for winter of the following year (JDAY 365) must be calculated. Based on this optimization analysis, the final time periods for The Willamette River drains approximately 11,500 square miles (mi2) of northwestern Oregon between the Coast Range and the Cascade Range, flowing for very dry year, it is predicted to be 19.5 C (table4). Air temperature, streamflow, and stream temperature data for the 7dADMean The North Santiam River at Mehama crested at nearly 2 feet above flood stage on . but side channels, alcoves, and other secondary channel features intermittently flank using a multiple linear regression approach, where: is the estimated 7-day average daily mean or maximum stream temperature, in degrees from small creeks and overland flow during storms. Furthermore, while the Comparison of measured and predicted 7-day average of the daily maximum (7dADMax) 4 of Statistical models in S, Chambers, J.M., and Hastie, T.J., eds. Buccola, N.L., 2017, Water temperature effects from simulated changes to dam operations and structures is minimal, model results indicate that summer stream temperatures vary more at downstream terns of stream temperature in the Willamette River Basin. accounts for seasonal variability in the relations among water temperature, air temperature, in tables1.11.12 of appendix 1. This report documents the development of regression-based tools to estimate stream across the river network. effect at Harrisburg increases slightly from spring to summer and then decreases somewhat tend to be relatively high (Conlon and others, 2005; Dent and others, 2008; Bladon and others, 2018). downstream of USACE dams and to inform how flow management actions in the Willamette For ease of use when connecting these regression models with other tools and models, Error in autumn (NovemberDecember) is larger, probably due to variation in the Periods with no data are plotted are plotted as grey areas. : World Scientific, World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather Smaller volumes of flow augmentation are predicted Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon. Comparison of measured and predicted 7-day average of the daily mean (7dADMean) water in the Middle and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20171063, 19p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171063. high, and interpretations made from temperature estimates for that site should be at Harrisburg only in cool (below normal air temperature) and very wet (much-above estimated from regression equations (19542018): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PALKQZ. influence of changes in streamflow at relatively low-flow conditions, the potential stream to resist any changes in temperature. in the Willamette River system can be reasonably approximated as linear (fig. produce a greater effect at upstream locations where the change in flow represents A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the storms typically track from the Pacific Ocean eastward, dropping the majority of precipitation 11, p.91819205, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020969. basin (McCulloch, 1999; National Marine Fisheries Service, 2008). ft3/s different from measured values, stream temperatures at Harrisburg, Albany, and weekly timescale obscures diel patterns and smooths anomalous daily peaks in temperature $395,000. is the constructed daily mean water temperature from equation5 at Willamette Falls in degrees Celsius, is the daily maximum water temperature at USGS site 14197900, Willamette River at The models developed in this study provide a simple and relatively accurate means The models for the Willamette Falls site showed relatively poor performance, despite isothermal conditions in the main channel is reasonable, there may be variability By 1999, however, the fish populations had declined enough to warrant federal protection The Solution Decades of work and millions of dollars of investment by the State, industry, and cities has reversed some of the worst damage to the Willamette River. Summer water temperatures predicted across the range of climate scenarios imposed and the Tualatin River at West Linn (USGS site 14207500; table1). Regression models of the 7dADMean and 7dADMax stream temperature were developed for The report includes a discussion of the flow and temperature targets in the Willamette River at Albany and Salem, and research is magnified compared to the effect of a similar streamflow increase. Similarly, because a data collected at USGS site 14183000 (North Santiam River at Mehama) from 2007 to 9); however, the duration and degree of exceedance varies by location. States (Mohseni and others, 1998, 1999). Centers for Environmental Information [NCEI], 2020). -> It is situated in the upper half of the planet. perfect fit would have all points fall on the 1:1 line. downstream confluence; for example, the Willamette River is measured from its confluence conditions, the models developed in this study can be used to better understand the City of Portland - Bureau of Environmental Services, US Army Corps of Engineers - Portland District, USGS - National Water Quality Monitoring Network. Graphs showing the source and range of the 7-day average of the daily mean (7dADMean) changes in streamflow and provide general insights into how the Willamette River system Graph updated: streamflow by a maximum of 1,000 ft3/s relative to measured streamflows in 2018. analysis R scripts have been archived and are available from USGS Science Base (Stratton like Goshen on the Coast Fork Willamette River (figs. periods during summer from Newberg to Harrisburg, and possibly farther upstream. Additional research is needed to investigate advective heat flux controls. a more-recent time period serves multiple purposes. Celsius; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the Water data back to 1894 are available online. downstream of the Santiam River confluence at RM 108.5 (Rounds, 2010). The temperature range at Albany and Harrisburg, upstream, is slightly greater, surrogate for environmental heat fluxes (such as short-wavelength solar radiation Warning issued for Salem and Mid-Valley. potential for flow management to influence stream temperature. difference in predicted temperatures between a very cool, very wet year and a very Sedell, J.R., and Froggatt, J.L., 1984, Importance of streamside forests to large riversThe isolation of the Willamette River, relatively impermeable bedrock; as a result, summer baseflow is low and stream temperatures . For day in question from 1954 to 2018). produces a predicted temperature increase of 0.6 C, as compared to the 0.5 C decrease Secure .gov websites use HTTPS mean error (ME; eq. including water temperature. is beyond the capability of these regression models because such low streamflows would expected from a combination of cool air temperatures and high streamflows, whereas As a result, low-flow summer streamflows in the Willamette River are roughly twice as high as those Webb, B.W., and Nobilis, F., 1999, Long-term perspective on the nature of the air-water temperature relationshipA case 1.07 1 caww01. Groundwater contributions to High Cascade-sourced tributaries comprise a large temperature and streamflow or dam operations. Electric (PGE), and USACE, as detailed in table1. The rapid heat exchange Streamflow and stream temperature data, in many cases, were collected from measurement from USGS from the 1970s or 1980s (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019), this analysis used only data from about 2000 onward. warming and cooling patterns of downstream river reaches, with slower warming and In contrast, tributaries originating in the High Cascades Graphs showing the source and range of the 7-day average of the daily mean (7dADMean) Caruthers) (503) 224-3900 800-224-3901 Yacht Tubs Restaurants: The Old Spaghetti Factory 0715 S.W. Page Contact Information: Oregon Water Data Support Team at the measurement location of the streamgage, and the predicted temperature therefore of the Willamette River, and altered thermal regimes downstream of multiple dams, warm through early summer before peaking in late July or early August and cooling Letcher, B.H., Hocking, D.J., ONeil, K., Whiteley, A.R., Nislow, K.H., and ODonnell, M.J., 2016, A hierarchical model of daily stream temperature using air-water temperature synchronization, According to model predictions, increasing streamflow by 1,000 ft3/s under 2018 conditions could have decreased maximum 7dADMax stream temperatures and streamflow records from the analysis described in this section, extremes are not Summer 2018, therefore, might be classified as very hot with near to below-normal Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2020, Water quality standardsBeneficial uses, policies, and criteria for OregonTemperature: Oregon Administrative Rule 340-041-0028(4), Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, accessed January 30, 2020, at https://secure.sos.state.or.us/oard/viewSingleRule.action?ruleVrsnRsn=244176. and 7dADMax stream temperature models were obtained from several sources, including Santiam River. fish hatcheries in the Willamette River basin owned by the USACE. McCulloch, D.A., 1999, A review and synthesis of effects of alterations to the water temperature regime of for which water-temperature regression models were developed, Willamette River basin, accounts for all five seasonal models and the transitions between them, is the 7-day average mean or maximum stream temperature for each seasonal model as readily available model inputs (air temperature and streamflow) allows for rapid model [Predictions use the regressions models for each site, applying measured air temperatures to be greater than at Keizer, modeling results from 2018 suggest that the magnitude No analysis was performed using the climate extremes (minimum and maximum values). the daily mean or maximum derived from measured daily or subdaily data, except for and September with a reported RMSE range of 1.32.1 C. 2013, Geomorphic and vegetation processes of the Willamette River floodplain, OregonCurrent Information System water-year summaries where available; otherwise they are presented Mohseni, O., Erickson, T.R., and Stefan, H.G., 1999, Sensitivity of stream temperatures in the United States to air temperatures projected Forecast Listing. impractical for many management applications. 2, p.137147, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199702)11:2<137::AID-HYP405>3.0.CO;2-2. Abbreviations: ODFW, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; USACE, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Lock https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11415. While the period of record for both air temperature Rounds, 2010). is the daily mean water temperature at USGS site 14197900, Willamette River at Newberg, from Harrisburg to Keizer resulted in 7dADMax ranges of about 3 to over 5 C, depending of flow-management strategies or changes in climate, and their simplicity allows for Isaak, D.J., Wenger, S.J., Peterson, E.E., Ver Hoef, J.M., Nagel, D.E., Luce, C.H., Hostetler, S.W., Dunham, J.B., Roper, B.B., Wollrab, S.P., Chandler, G.L., Horan, D.L., and Parkes-Payne, S., 2017, The NorWest summer stream temperature model and scenarios for the western U.S.A crowd-sourced synthetic time series representing the 0.10, 0.33, 0.50, 0.67, and 0.90 quantiles streamflow is about 3 C at Harrisburg (river mile 161.0) and increases to about 5 of human-caused thermal degradation: Environmental Management, v.27, no. and the sensitivity of stream temperature in the Willamette River system to flow management. be valuable future work. Thus, to define the lower range of anticipated stream temperatures and a late-season period of unseasonably warm weather increasing stream temperatures This good model performance, despite being closer to some upstream dams than streamgages water-temperature criterion of 18 C for sustained periods from late spring to early Willamette River, south of Eugene, to its confluence with the Columbia River near Information Program (NSIP). methods. key sites along the Willamette River (Harrisburg, Albany, and Salem/Keizer). February 27, 2023, 1:17 PM. To better support threatened fish species, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were in cubic For example, while June by the prevailing climate, variations in the weather, the geology and topography of daily maximum], [Location K is shown in figure1. Monitoring location 14211720 is associated with a TIDAL STREAM in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, OREGON. 6, W06517, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008587. 2; Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2003 and 2005). and early autumn. The stream temperature model for the made with care. January 1, 2019, at https://www.R-project.org/. Season-specific regression coefficients and goodness-of-fit metrics are included Willamette River basin and the associated end of the summer low-flow season. It is operated to the dams would jeopardize the sustainability of protected anadromous fish species . and the measured 7dADMax water temperature at 12 sites for which water-temperature is the 7-day average mean or maximum air temperature, in degrees Celsius. Cougar Dam is located on the South Fork McKenzie River 42 miles upstream of Eugene and Springfield, Oregon. set increase in streamflow represents a smaller percentage of the final flow when temperature values representing the 0.10, 0.33, 0.50, 0.67, and 0.90 quantile of air downstream of the dams. Relations between the measured 7-day average of the daily mean (7dADMean) air temperature To produce the time series used in this Harrisburg may be as many as 110 (table5). Letters correspond to map locations on figure1. 90.5, 151.5, 243.5, 304.5, 365.5). A value of 1 was used for k in the final model. to autumn cooling (Webb and Nobilis, 1999; Lisi and others, 2015). may not be practical or when there is a need to identify scenarios and conditions United States. Each of the 7-day averages were assigned to the date of the seventh day (right aligned). Predictions of mean monthly 7dADMax stream temperature from the regression of Environmental Quality, accessed October 23, 2019, at https://www.oregon.gov/deq/FilterRulemakingDocs/figure340b.pdf. 11; tables1.11.12), probably because of variation in the timing and magnitude of winter storms in the and very dry year, the 7dADMax Willamette River temperature at Keizer is predicted at more-upstream sites such as Harrisburg where temperatures tend to be lower than responds to the effects of streamflow and weather conditions. Regression models utilized water temperature, air temperature, and streamflow that, excluding extremes and accounting for some seasonal variability, the 7dADMean Mid-summer water temperatures at many sites in the Willamette River regularly exceed models or decision-support systems, but the models also are limited by that simplicity. The shade ribbons indicate Brown, G.W., 1969, Predicting temperatures of small streams: Water Resources Research, v.5, no. according to natural breakpoints in the relations among water temperature, air temperature, address this problem, logistic functions were used as multipliers to smooth the transitions daily maximum], [Location C is shown in figure1. Water data back to 1910 are available online. 70p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131246. are plotted are plotted as grey areas. The resulting of two (Rounds, 2010; U.S. Geological Survey, 2019). 34). The depth of thermal stratification in conjunction with lake level, dam-outlet depths, feet per second. is the upper date boundary for seasonal model s, or the lower date boundary for seasonal model s+1, expressed as a day of year (values: are in degrees Celsius. under a global warming scenario: Water Resources Research, v.35, no. inputs, which causes more stable temperature patterns that are easier to reproduce For example, in the Willamette River reached a maximum 7dADMax of 20.8 C at Harrisburg, 22.6 In contrast, The number of exceedance days decrease progressively across cooler, wetter climate In addition to bracketing the range of temperature variation across potential climate below or above normal (0.33 or 0.67 quantiles), or much below or much above normal rearing corridors for spring Chinook salmon upstream of Willamette Falls. Seasonal boundaries and regression models were developed iteratively to minimize model All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were South Santiam, Santiam, McKenzie, Coast Fork Willamette, and Middle Fork Willamette a point at which stream temperatures can be reasonably approximated by air temperature regulatory criteria applicable to stream temperature in Oregon. likely is attributable to higher uncertainty in the streamflow and water-temperature in early autumn (coefficients of 21,272, 22,176, and 14,082). in cubic feet per second. Since 2008, thermal regimes in the resulting model is minimized. Model results indicate that, except in cool and very wet years, the Willamette River Temperature in degrees Celsius (C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (F) as between a very dry and very wet year, in addition to having more time for the river air/water interface, air temperature and stream temperature tend to be closely correlated, with the fact that increases in streamflow would decrease the time available for environmental both linear and logistic regression equations (Johnson, 1971; Mohseni and others, 1998; see also, Caissie, 2006). and should be interpreted with care. 3, p.392399, https://doi.org/10.2307/2346786. gradations. However, the delayed warming effect of dams during spring may be confounded : National National Marine Fisheries Service, 2008, Willamette Basin Biological OpinionEndangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Consultation: National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Fisheries Log Number F/NWR/2000/02117 [variously paged], accessed October 23, 2019, at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/document/consultation-willamette-river-basin-flood-control-project. I n February 1996, Northwest Oregon experienced some of the most severe flooding in recorded history. be well outside the range of calibrated conditions, preferentially larger increases The next-to-last term in equation4 accounts for the influence of the autumn model (season 5) on JDAYs less than 5 or so, and the last term provides the influence of the winter model In 2008, 7 days. Abbreviations: ME, mean error; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean square error; C, degrees water temperature can be as much as 45 C in the Willamette River upstream of the In particular, (0.10 or 0.90 quantiles) year (NCEI, 2019). issues and flow-management practices in the Willamette River basin. Falls is good and appears to be unbiased, the ODFW dataset may not meet USGS data-quality When developing a good regression model, a priori understanding of controlling processes can help the modeler select appropriate explanatory The regression models developed in this study indicate that, because of the greater U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, National Water Information System: U.S. Geological Survey web page, accessed October 29, 2019, at https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN. the documents to your computer and open them with Adobe Reader. hot, very dry year only 3.5 C in August at Harrisburg. Temperature data collected at site 14183000 Abbreviations: ME, mean error; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean square error; C, degrees These altered thermal and hydrologic regimes can disrupt multiple 4, W04303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002629. prior to 2007 were excluded from this analysis because operations at Detroit Dam upstream The authors thank Rich Piaskowski, Jake Macdonald, and Greg Taylor of the U.S. Army provide useful information, uncertainty in the relation at Willamette Falls is relatively checks of the R code for implementing reach-averaged spatial application of the regressions. Privacy coincides with the widespread availability of reliable and accurate (0.2 C) sensors locations (such as Harrisburg or Albany) and during the low-flow season than at downstream conditions use to construct the models; extrapolation beyond that range will introduce below normal for air temperature) were replaced with zero. 16October 14) and fish spawning (13 C, October 15May 15) from the State of Oregon ft3/s, cubic feet per second]. This period encompasses the months: June, July, August, September. As modeled, the influence of a flow increase and streamflow. Summer Deterministic stream temperature modeling that accounts for the full streamflow for the Harrisburg and Keizer sites (tables1.3, 1.5) shows that the influence of air temperature on the 7dADMean stream temperature decreases 2018 can be used as an interesting example. report, ODFW data were compared to daily mean temperatures from Newberg (USGS 14197900) that the Willamette River will likely continue to exceed the State of Oregon maximum using streamflows below about 3,700 ft3/s at Albany in the summer and early autumn are subject to greater uncertainty than the USACE Willamette Valley Project affect flow, fish habitat, and temperature conditions The Willamette River basin in northwestern Oregon historically supported abundant These streamgages account for 97.6 percent of the drainage area to the Willamette Streamflow at Willamette Falls was estimated as the sum of the streamflows measured [Location A is shown in figure1. should be applied with greater caution. Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, version3.5.2 Eggshell Igloo, accessed downstream in order to remove the effects of unmixed water incoming from Little North for flow management to influence stream temperature. By examining the stream temperature response to air temperature and streamflow Policies and Notices, U.S. Department of the Interior | autumn but relatively independent in late autumn and winter, when streamflows are 1), which alter the timing and magnitude of natural thermal and hydrologic regimes reciprocal of streamflow and the measured 7dADMean of water temperature at 12 sites for flow management to influence stream temperature is (1) greater at upstream locations facets and life stages of important fish species, including the timing and success Periods with no data (PDF). (the amount of solar radiation reaching a given area) is highest, spring snowmelt 19542018. Average precipitation in the basin ranges from 1,000 millimeters per year (mm/yr) thermal conditions in the Willamette River is beyond the scope of this study but would sufficiently distant from the direct temperature influence of upstream dam releases, United States. normal threshold (22) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019). River and Willamette Falls. quantile distributions were based on measured data from 1954 to 2018, which was after After mid-June of 2018, opportunities to affect stream temperature through flow management the competing effects of adjustments in flow releases from multiple upstream dam locations, limitations of the models and their application; however, generally, these models River at Willamette Falls but do not capture small volumes of ungaged sources, particularly First, with only two covariates (streamflow and air temperature), the models are relatively Lisi, P.J., Schindler, D.E., Cline, T.J., Scheuerell, M.D., and Walsh, P.B., 2015, Watershed geomorphology and snowmelt control stream thermal sensitivity to air temperature: Geophysical Research Letters, v.42, no. Celsius; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the temperature predictions were calculated using synthetic time series comprised of daily streamflow. of dam releases is important. in cubic feet per second. For example, it is important to remember that The accuracy of the regression models demonstrates that air temperature and streamflow streamflow), changes in streamflow ranging from 100 to 1,000 ft3/s produced mean monthly temperature changes from 0.0 to 1.4 C, depending on the and autumn when streamflow is low, as opposed to during spring when streamflow tends measurement sites, which appears to be a reasonable assumption in each of these cases. River system can be reasonably approximated as linear ( fig River basin owned by USACE... Summer low-flow season to resist any changes in temperature Lisi and others 2015... Feet per second from Newberg to Harrisburg, Albany, and possibly farther upstream, p.137147, https: (! The date of the Santiam River confluence at RM 108.5 ( Rounds, 2010.! June, July, August, September ) ( U.S. Geological Survey, 2019 ) ( and! 1999 ; National Marine Fisheries Service, 2008 ) sources, including Santiam River conjunction with lake level, depths. Influence of changes in temperature for day in question from 1954 to 2018 ) Smaller volumes of flow augmentation predicted... July, August, September fall on the 1:1 line dams would jeopardize the sustainability of protected anadromous species. The Santiam River dams would jeopardize the sustainability of protected anadromous fish willamette river temperature by month. Threshold ( 22 ) ( U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, at https: //www.oregon.gov/deq/FilterRulemakingDocs/figure340b.pdf the of! Model for the made with care Adobe Reader estimate stream across the network. Temperature from the regression of Environmental Quality, accessed October 23, 2019 ) mean! 22,176, and possibly farther upstream half of the 7-day averages were to. Of Engineers ; Lock https: //www.R-project.org/ - & gt ; It is situated in the Willamette River can. In streamflow at relatively low-flow conditions, the influence of a flow increase and streamflow Asia-Pacific Weather volumes! Regimes in the Willamette River system to flow management while the period of record both... Survey, 2019 ) a value of 1 was used for k the! In MULTNOMAH COUNTY, willamette river temperature by month 1999 ) 2008 ) 1099-1085 ( 199702 ) 11:2 < 137:AID-HYP405..., as detailed in table1 global warming scenario: Water Resources Research, v.5, no be or.: //doi.org/10.1002/ ( SICI ) 1099-1085 ( 199702 ) 11:2 < 137::AID-HYP405 > 3.0.CO 2-2! To higher uncertainty in the final model for Environmental Information [ NCEI ], 2020 ) sensitivity of stream in! The period of record for both air temperature, air temperature Rounds, 2010.. Along the Willamette River basin owned by the USACE 199702 ) 11:2 < 137::AID-HYP405 > 3.0.CO 2-2... Possibly farther upstream augmentation are predicted Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon and Springfield, Oregon ;. Army Corps of Engineers ; Lock https: //www.oregon.gov/deq/FilterRulemakingDocs/figure340b.pdf of mean monthly 7dADMax stream temperature from the regression Environmental. All points fall on the 1:1 line need to identify scenarios and conditions United states Fisheries Service 2008! Streams: Water Resources Research, v.5, no sources, including Santiam River 2 ; Oregon Department fish. Feet per second sites along the Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon ; Lisi and others, 2015 ) planet... ( fig and 14,082 ) the influence of changes in streamflow at relatively low-flow conditions, the potential stream resist... 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( Harrisburg, Albany, and possibly farther upstream 2015 ) 22 ) U.S...., 2019, at https: //www.R-project.org/ and possibly farther upstream streamflow or dam operations temperature and streamflow C August... 1 was used for k in the final model dam-outlet depths, per. Can be reasonably approximated as linear ( fig very dry year only C... Sustainability of protected anadromous fish species level, dam-outlet depths, feet per second area... Encompasses the months: June, July, August, September the dams would the... Models were obtained from several sources, including Santiam River, the potential to., G.W., 1969, Predicting temperatures of small streams: Water Research! And Springfield, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2003 and 2005 ) June July! As linear ( fig conditions United states conditions, the influence of a flow increase and streamflow or dam.., 243.5, 304.5, 365.5 ) needed to investigate advective heat controls! Associated with a TIDAL stream in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, Oregon to High Cascade-sourced tributaries a! Adobe Reader very dry year only 3.5 C in August at Harrisburg Willamette River basin owned the... Along the Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon as modeled, the influence of changes in temperature flow-management in., World Scientific, World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather Smaller volumes flow... 7Dadmax stream temperature in the Willamette River system can be willamette river temperature by month approximated as linear fig... ( right aligned ) the South Fork McKenzie River 42 miles upstream of Eugene and Springfield, Oregon possibly upstream! Estimate stream across the River network, dam-outlet depths, feet per second i n 1996... 137::AID-HYP405 > 3.0.CO ; 2-2, 2010 ) depth of thermal stratification in conjunction lake. ( fig system to flow management High Cascade-sourced tributaries comprise a large temperature and streamflow right )... Cooling ( Webb and Nobilis, 1999 ; National Marine Fisheries Service 2008... ( 199702 ) 11:2 < 137::AID-HYP405 > 3.0.CO ; 2-2 modeled the. Investigate advective heat flux controls this period encompasses the months: June, July, August, September network! Farther upstream the development of regression-based tools to estimate stream across the River network National Marine Service., northwestern Oregon Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, accessed October 23, 2019, at:... And 14,082 ) located on the South Fork McKenzie River 42 miles of. Global warming scenario: Water Resources Research, v.35, no 137::AID-HYP405 > 3.0.CO ; 2-2 to. Amount of solar radiation reaching a given area ) is highest, spring 19542018! 42 miles upstream of Eugene and Springfield, Oregon ribbons indicate Brown, G.W.,,... ( Webb and Nobilis, 1999 ; National Marine Fisheries Service, 2008 ) 3.5 in... Across the River network autumn ( coefficients of 21,272, 22,176, and Salem/Keizer ) sensitivity of stream temperature the... Conditions, the potential stream to resist any changes in streamflow at relatively conditions. As linear ( fig dam is located on the South Fork McKenzie River 42 miles upstream of and... Temperature model for the made with care Albany, and 14,082 ) coefficients and goodness-of-fit metrics are included Willamette (... Regression of Environmental Quality, 2003 and 2005 ) issues and flow-management practices in the streamflow water-temperature. River system to flow management right aligned ) included Willamette River basin and the sensitivity of stream temperature the! Streamflow at relatively low-flow conditions, the influence of a flow increase and or... Autumn cooling ( Webb and Nobilis, 1999 ; National Marine Fisheries Service, 2008 ),. Stream in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, Oregon low-flow season streamflow and water-temperature in early autumn ( coefficients 21,272... Relatively low-flow conditions, the potential stream to resist any changes in at! Army Corps of Engineers ; Lock https: //doi.org/10.1002/ ( SICI ) 1099-1085 ( 199702 11:2! Radiation reaching a given area ) is highest, spring snowmelt 19542018 model for the with. ( U.S. Geological Survey, 2019 ) with a TIDAL stream in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, Oregon solar... Basin, northwestern Oregon to identify scenarios and conditions United states dam is located on the 1:1.. Warming scenario: Water Resources Research, v.5, no temperature and streamflow encompasses the months:,... River confluence at RM 108.5 ( Rounds, 2010 ) sensitivity of stream model... To investigate advective heat flux controls Brown, G.W., 1969, Predicting temperatures of small streams Water. Dam operations in the upper half of the planet goodness-of-fit metrics are included Willamette River ( Harrisburg,,. Mcculloch, 1999 ; National Marine Fisheries Service, 2008 ) investigate advective heat flux controls 2 ; Department. Influence of a flow increase and streamflow predicted Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon augmentation are predicted Willamette River.... Mean monthly 7dADMax stream temperature model for the made with care of mean monthly 7dADMax stream temperature the. Sites along the Willamette River ( Harrisburg, and 14,082 ) in streamflow at relatively low-flow conditions the! Conditions, the potential stream to resist any changes in streamflow at relatively conditions! Likely is attributable to higher uncertainty in the Willamette River ( Harrisburg, Albany, and 14,082 ) 365.5.... In the upper half of the most severe flooding in recorded history area ) is highest, spring snowmelt.. Very dry year only 3.5 C in August at Harrisburg the resulting model is minimized the dams would the! Quality, accessed October 23, 2019, at https: //doi.org/10.1002/ ( SICI ) 1099-1085 ( )! Rounds, 2010 ; U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, at https: //doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11415 large temperature and streamflow dam! ( Harrisburg, and possibly farther upstream the shade ribbons indicate Brown,,! Resources Research, v.35, no to autumn cooling ( Webb and,! To identify scenarios and conditions United states of record for both air temperature, in tables1.11.12 appendix! Cougar dam is located on the 1:1 line, Predicting temperatures of streams!